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Toxicidad del Cadmio y la estrategia de biorremediación de suelos contaminados para disminuir sus efectos

dc.contributor.advisorCamacho Kurmen, Judith Elena
dc.contributor.advisorJaime Rodríguez, Carolina
dc.contributor.authorRamírez Almanza, Carlos Andrés
dc.contributor.authorRamírez Moreno, Dayra Liliana
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-21T17:43:29Z
dc.date.available2024-05-21T17:43:29Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/6892
dc.description.abstractEl cadmio (Cd) se considera un metal pesado y tóxico para los ecosistemas y el ser humano. Se puede bioacumular en el suelo, los lodos, las plantas y fuentes hídricas. Ingresa a la cadena alimenticia del ser humano al ingerir alimentos o animales contaminados con Cd. Este trabajo es una revisión documental sobre las consecuencias del cadmio en la salud del ser humano y el uso del proceso de biorremediación del suelo contaminado con este metal pesado, para disminuir sus efectos. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, identificando las principales fuentes de exposición de este metal pesado (antropogénica, industrial, agrícola, entre otras), los daños que puede causar en la salud humana (apoptosis, carcinoma, etc.) y los microorganismos o plantas que se pueden emplear en los diferentes procesos de biorremediación. Las enfermedades asociadas al Cd en el ser humano, incluyen alteraciones a nivel placentario, fetal y abortos con 28%, seguido de alteración renal, ósea, reproductiva y hormonal con 20%. El 24 % reporta apoptosis, citotoxicidad y como agente carcinógeno con 8%. Los factores determinantes para la biorremediación en suelos del Cd son: el pH, la mayoría de técnicas, independientemente del método y el microorganismo o planta utilizados, empleando de 5.0 a 6.0 (45%), la temperatura empleada fue de 24°C – Mayor de 30°C, origen y la concentración de Cd, la biomasa (microorganismos) o plantas utilizados para biorremediar el metal y el contenido de materia orgánica. Siendo el mejor proceso para biorremediar, la bioacumulación, el cual se puede desarrollar con plantas, hongos o bacterias.spa
dc.description.tableofcontentsContenido 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 9 2. OBJETIVOS 10 2.1 Objetivo general 10 2.2 Objetivos específicos 10 3. ANTECEDENTES 10 4. MARCO TEÓRICO 12 4.1 Cadmio 12 4.1.1 Normativa de niveles de cadmio en alimentos 13 4.1.2 Ecotoxicidad 13 4.1.3 Toxicidad de cadmio en el ser humano 13 4.2 Biorremediación de cadmio 13 4.2.1 Bioadsorción o biosorción 16 4.2.2 Bioacumulación 18 4.2.3 Fitorremediación 18 4.2.4 Biolixiviación 18 4.2.5 Biotransformación 18 5. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO 18 5.1 METODOLOGÍA PROPUESTA 18 5.2 UNIVERSO, POBLACIÓN, MUESTRA 18 5.2.1 UNIVERSO 18 5.2.2 POBLACIÓN 18 5.2.3 MUESTRA 18 5.3 CRITERIOS DE SELECCIÓN DE LOS OBJETOS DE ESTUDIO 18 5.4 CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN O EXCLUSIÓN. 18 5.5 TÉCNICAS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS 19 5.6 ANÁLISIS DE LA INFORMACIÓN 19 6. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN 19 6.1 Recopilación, clasificación y análisis de la información. 19 6.2 Consecuencias de la exposición de Cd en la salud humana. 22 6.3 Fuentes de contaminación por Cd en el ser humano. 23 6.4 Procesos de biorremediación 25 6.5 Microorganismos utilizados en los procesos de biorremediación. 31 7. CONCLUSIONES 36 8. RECOMENDACIONES 36 9. BIBLIOGRAFIA 37 10. ANEXOS. 45spa
dc.format.extent61p.spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarcaspa
dc.rightsDerechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2024spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.titleToxicidad del Cadmio y la estrategia de biorremediación de suelos contaminados para disminuir sus efectosspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Pregradospa
dc.contributor.corporatenameUniversidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarcaspa
dc.description.degreelevelPregradospa
dc.description.degreenameBacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínicospa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias de la Saludspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá D.Cspa
dc.publisher.programBacteriología y Laboratorio Clínicospa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)spa
dc.subject.proposalMetal pesadospa
dc.subject.proposalEfectos tóxicos en la saludspa
dc.subject.proposalBiorremediaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalSuelospa
dc.subject.proposalMicroorganismosspa
dc.subject.proposalPlantasspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85spa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionspa
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbspa


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