dc.contributor.advisor | Cubillos Abello, Karen Andrea | |
dc.contributor.author | Sánchez Porras, Miguel Ángel | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-10-03T20:26:25Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-10-03T20:26:25Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/5676 | |
dc.description.abstract | Las infecciones nosocomiales son causadas por una gran variedad de microorganismos
que se encuentran en los ambientes hospitalarios, estos pueden ocasionar diversas
patologías qué ponen en riesgo la vida del paciente o alargar los periodos de
hospitalización. Se ha reportado que para el año 2018 cerca del 14% de las infecciones
nosocomiales en el mundo fueron asociadas a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)
un 11% y Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii ) 3%, así mismo se ha encontrado que
estos microorganismos tienen la capacidad de desarrollar mecanismos de resistencia con
los cuales son capaces de resistir a variedad de los antibióticos creados para su
tratamiento. La multirresistencia de estos microorganismos ha ocasionado que la
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el 2017 los declaró de prioridad crítica.
En P. aeruginosa y A. baumannii se han encontrado como principales mecanismos de
resistencia intrínsecos la pérdida de porinas, las bombas de eflujo y la producción de
betalactamasas, siendo estas últimas, también el principal mecanismo de resistencia
adquirida. Con este trabajo se pretende profundizar en los mecanismos de resistencia
presentados en estos microorganismos y así mismo, dar a conocer las técnicas fenotípicas
para su identificación, avaladas por el instituto de estándares clínicos y de laboratorio
(CLSI por sus siglas en inglés). | spa |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Tabla de contenido
Índice de figuras 1
Índice de Tablas 2
Índice de anexos 3
Resumen 4
Introducción 5
Objetivos 7
Objetivo general 7
Objetivos específicos 7
1. Antecedentes 8
2. Marco referencial 13
2.1 Infecciones nosocomiales 13
2.2 Pared celular de los bacilos gram negativos 14
2.3 Bacilos gram negativos no fermentadores 15
2.4 Complejo A. baumannii/calcoaceticus 16
2.4.1 Mecanismos de resistencia intrínsecos 17
2.4.1.1 Betalactamasas tipo ADC 17
2.4.1.2 Betalactamasas tipo OXA 18
2.4.1.3 Pérdida de porinas 18
2.4.1.4 Bombas de eflujo 19
2.4.2 Mecanismo de resistencia adquirido 19
2.4.2.1 Betalactamasas 20
2.4.2.2 Betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) 20
2.4.2.3 Serinocarbapenemasas clase A 21
2.4.2.4 Serinocarbapenemasas clase D 21
2.4.2.5 Metalocarbapenemasas clase B 21
2.4.2.6 Enzimas modificadoras de aminoglucósidos 22
2.5 P. aeruginosa 22
2.5.1 Mecanismos de resistencia natural 23
2.5.1.1 Betalactamasas cromosómicas tipo PDC 24
2.5.1.2 Bombas de eflujo 24
2.5.1.3 Pérdida de la porinas 25
2.5.2 Mecanismos de resistencia adquiridos 25
2.5.2.1 Serinocarbapenemasas tipo A 25
2.5.2.2 Serinocarbapenemasas tipo D 26
2.5.2.3 Metalobetalactamasas tipo B 26
2.5.2.4 Betalactamasa de espectro extendido BLEE 27
2.5.2.5 Enzimas modificadoras de aminoglucósidos (EMA) 27
2.5.2.6 Metilasas del ARNr16S 27
2.6 Métodos de identificación fenotípica de betalactamasas según el manual de la CLSI29
2.6.1 Método de difusión en disco o método de Kirby-Bauer 29
2.6.2 Test de sinergia de doble disco 30
2.6.3 Test modificado de inactivación de carbapenémicos 31
2.6.4 Carba NP 32
2.6.5 Microdilución en caldo 33
2.6.6 Técnica molecular GeneXpert Carba 34
2.6.7 Reacción en cadena dela polimerasa en tiempo real o qPCR 35
3. Diseño metodológico 36
3.1 Tipo de investigación 36
3.2 Nivel o alcance de la investigación 36
3.3 Población objeto de muestra 36
3.4 Muestra de análisis 36
4. Resultados 38
5. Discusión 45
6. Conclusiones 51
7. Referencias bibliográficas 52 | eng |
dc.format.extent | 70 | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.rights | Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2022 | eng |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ | spa |
dc.title | Estudio de los mecanismos de resistencia de los principales microorganismos Gram negativos no fermentadores asociados a infecciones nosocomiales | spa |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Pregrado | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Pregrado | spa |
dc.description.degreename | Bacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínico | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud | spa |
dc.publisher.place | Bogota | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico | spa |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess | spa |
dc.rights.creativecommons | Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | CLSI | |
dc.subject.lemb | Infecciones nosocomiales | |
dc.subject.lemb | Multirresistencia | |
dc.subject.proposal | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Acinetobacter baumannii | eng |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | spa |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | spa |
dc.type.content | Text | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | spa |
dc.type.redcol | https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP | spa |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | spa |
dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb | spa |